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Guidelines and Consensus Statements
- Use of CGMS for Children and Adolescents with T1D at school and preschoolDeveloped by the APEG Diabetes Subcommittee, July 2019
- Screening, assessment and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: Australia and New Zealand Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes guidelinesMed J Aust 2020; 213 (1), July 2020
- Australian Living Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for DiabetesPublished 27 November 2020
- ADS/ADEA/APEG/ADIPS - Utilisation, access and recommendations regarding technologies for people living with type 1 diabetesAuthors: Anthony J Pease, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Mary B Abraham, Maria E Craig, Brett Fenton, Jane Overland, Sarah price, David Simmons and Glynis P Ross
- Australian National Diabetes Strategy 2021-2030August 2021
- Management of type 2 diabetes in young adults aged 18–30 years: ADS/ADEA/APEG consensus statementApril 2022
- Qld Disordered Eating Guidelines March 2022
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022ISPAD
- Youth Diabetes - resources for health professionalsMenzies school of Health Research
Key Organisations
Australia and New Zealand
INTERNATIONAL
- ISPAD (International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes)
- Diabetes United Kingdom
- British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
- Diabetes Canada
- American Diabetes Association
- American Association of Diabetes Educators
- Association of Children’s Diabetes Clinicians (ACDC)
- Diabetes Technology Society
Technology to Manage Diabetes
CGM and Freestyle Libre are funded in Australia through the NDSS. There are 2 choices on the market and should be considered carefully and in conjunction with the treating team.
- CGM
- Freestyle Libre
- ISPAD Guidelines for Diabetes Technology
- Advanced Technologies and Treatments of Diabetes
- Use of CGMS for Children and Adolescents with T1D at school and preschool
Developed by the APEG Diabetes Subcommittee, July 2019
DKA Protocols
It is advised to use the DKA protocol for your local tertiary referral centre.
Australia and New Zealand
- NSW
- QLD
- SA
- VIC
- WA
- Perth Children’s Hospital (not available on the internet, access via internal intranet only)
- New Zealand
GUIDELINES AND CONSENSUS STATEMENTS
All protocols have been based, in a large part, on the following guidelines and consensus statements.
Sick Day Management and Prevention of Severe DKA
If unwell, please refer to information provided by your local care team and if needed contact them for advice with regards to management during illness and particularly if ketones are present.
Helpful overview of sick day management can also be found in the ISPAD 2018 Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines (Chapter 13) 2018
Mental Health, Emotional and Peer Support
Nutrition and Healthy Eating
Australia and New Zealand
Complications: Screening and Dental Care
- NHMRC Guideline – Diabetic Retinopathy
- Recommendations for complication screening can be found in the ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2014
- Microvascular and macrovascular complications ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018 (Chapter 18)
- Other complications and diabetes-associated conditions ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018 (Chapter 19)
- APEG Position Statement: The Diabetes Control and Complications trial: Implications for the child and adolescent Med J Aust. 1995 Apr 3;162(7):369-72
Living with Diabetes
- Caring for diabetes in children and adolescents – a parents manual 3rd edition 2010
- New Zealand: Living well with diabetes October 2015
- History of Diabetes Camps in Vic 2018
- The Needs of People with Diabetes & Other Chronic Conditions in Natural Disasters
- List of sportspeople with diabetes (Wikipedia) – ‘if anyone is aware of elite sportspeople with diabetes who are not on this list, please let APEG or Wikipedia know’. Others listed below.
- Netball – Sarah Klau and Verity Charles
- Runsweet.com – Diabetes in Sport
- Children with Diabetes (USA)
Research
- Immunology of Diabetes Society
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF)
- Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN)
- Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study
- COVIDIAB: a registry specifically designed to establish the extent and characteristics of new-onset, COVID-19-related diabetes
- ATIC: Australasian Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Collaborative
Diabetes in School
Children and young people with diabetes have the fundamental right and should be given the opportunity to participate in and enjoy a normal school experience in a safe and inclusive environment. They must be able to enjoy the same level of education opportunities and participation in school activities, including excursions, camps, sport and physical education as other children, free from any diabetes-related stigma.
The recently launched Diabetes in Schools program, funded by the Australian Government through the National Diabetes Services Scheme, has been established to provide families and school staff the education and support they need to help young people with type 1 diabetes to thrive at school. This national program has been developed in conjunction with Diabetes Australia (DA), the Australian Diabetes Educators Association (ADEA), the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Australia, the Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) and the Australia and New Zealand Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (APEG).
In conjunction with this national program, information and advice about the support of young people with diabetes in schools and preschools should be obtained from the relevant state or territory’s department of education and/or local diabetes organisations and paediatric diabetes treating centres.
A starting list of helpful contacts and resources on this topic can be found below:
- Use of CGMS for Children and Adolescents with T1D at school and preschool
Developed by the APEG Diabetes Subcommittee, July 2019 - Diabetes in School by Diabetes Australia Document (January 2017)
- Press release, 31 Jan 2019: New school year poses extra stress for parents of kids with T1D
- Diabetes Australia: Information re new Schools program
- Diabetes in Schools website (from 2020 launched program)
NSW & ACT
Qld
SA
Vic
WA
New Zealand
Tests
- Australia
- Gene tests for MODY are available from Mater Pathology. For information about tests click here and if ordering MODY gene tests please complete the following request form
- New Zealand
- Gene tests for MODY are available from NZSSD (Mody Calculator)
Young Adults
Diabetes and Covid
Currently in Australia the COVID-19 pandemic and Vaccination is a rapidly changing issue. Restrictions are different in each state but seeking medical assistance and care is allowed in every jurisdiction. Please seek medical help if you or your child need assistance.
Vaccine eligibility is also rapidly changing and will depend on where people live, but Type 1 Diabetes is considered a longterm condition for which vaccination is recommended and meets eligibility criteria for a prioritised vaccination compared with the general population. Vaccination is being facilitated by the Federal and State Governments through GPs and dedicated Vaccination Hubs. Please look at on line resources to determine eligibility and where vaccination can be done.
- Australian Federal COVID-19 Vaccination Website
- New Zealand COVID-19 Vaccination Website
- Information for families of children with type 1 diabetes regarding Coronavirus (APEG)
- A message to the Diabetes Community (Diabetes Alliance)
- PREVENT LATE PRESENTATION OF T1D DIABETES WITH SEVERE SYMPTOMS (Diabetes Keto-Acidosis, DKA)
- Please CLICK HERE to listen to Jerry Wales (Diabetes Subcommittee chair, May 2020) ABC radio interview re DKA concerns
We are keen to ensure people who have symptoms that may suggest type 1 diabetes present early to their GP or hospital to avoid severe illness. Please see video below (QCH)
- Please CLICK HERE to listen to Jerry Wales (Diabetes Subcommittee chair, May 2020) ABC radio interview re DKA concerns